summary: The researchers have created a four -dimensional brain map that reveals how MS -like lesions are formed, providing new visions in the early stages of the disease. Using the Marmoset model instead of mice, they tracked the development of the scourge in an actual time with MRI, identifying weak brain areas weeks before the visible damage occurred.
The main result was the role of a specific type of stellar cell that expresses the gene Sprinkle1It gathered near the boundaries of the brain and the effect of immune responses and the repair of myelin. These discoveries can help detect multiple sclerosis earlier and direct future treatments to slow down or stop the development of the disease.
Main facts
- Discovery of multiple sclerosis early: The signing of the new magnetic resonance imaging reveals the brain areas at risk of multiple sclerosis damage before the formation of pests.
- The role of stellar cells: Sprinkle1Expressing star cells may contribute to both brain repair and disease development.
- New search form: The Marmoset Model Mim Human MS better mimics, provides real -time tracking to form a lesion.
source: National Institutes of Health
Using an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), researchers in the National Health Institutes (NIH) created a four -dimensional brain map that reveals how the pests seen in the form of the human MS.
These results, published in sciencesProviding a window in the case of premature disease and can help define potential goals for treating multiple sclerosis and repairing brain tissue.
Researchers, led by a post-PhD fellow Jing-Ping Lin, PhD, and the first investigator Daniel S. Fish, PhD in Medicine, both at the National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), combined with frequent magnetic resonance imaging with brain tissue analysis, including genetic expression, to follow the beginning and development of MS pests.
They revealed the signing of the new magnetic resonance imaging, which can help discover the brain areas at risk of damage weeks before any visible pests occurred.
They also identified “fine environments” within the affected brain tissue based on observation patterns of nervous function, inflammation, immunity and support cell responses, genetic expression, and levels of damage and reform.
Dr. Reich said: “Determining the early events that occur after the inflammation and integrity that tolerates harmful, can help us in determining the activity of multiple nervous sclerosis sooner and developing treatments to slow its progress or stop its progress.”
Multiple sclerosis is caused by the body’s immune system that attacks the protective cover of nerve fibers, called myelin. This leads to inflammation, loss of myelin, and the formation of “pests” or “paintings” inside the brain tissue.
Most of what is known about the progress of multiple sclerosis came from the analysis of human brain tissue after death, and it is usually obtained after decades of the appearance of the initial disease. This means losing the early changes that occurred before the symptoms appear.
To simulate the conditions of the human brain, the researchers chose not to use the mouse model for multiple sclerosis, instead develops a model that uses Marmoset, which is inhuman main. Compared to mouse brains, marmostite and human brains have a higher percentage of white matter (“wires” from the brain) to gray substance (neurons).
The Marmoset model creates multiple pests closely similar to those seen in the multiple human sclerosis and can be tracked in real time using MRI. Since these lesions can cause them experimentally, the model offers a look at the early stages of inflammation and immune responses that lead to the removal of MS -like miles.
One of the main players who were identified was a specific type of stellar cell, one of the types of support cells in the brain, which is called a gene called Sprinkle1 Or a plasinogen 1 inhibitor (Pai1). They found the star cells that express Serpine1 within the boundaries of the weak brain before visual damage, gathering near the blood vessels and fluid -filled ventricles in the brain and indicating the future areas of the development of the lesion.
These stellar cells seem to affect the behavior of other cells near the scourge, including the ability of immune cells to enter the brain and contribute to inflammation, as well as the cells of the sects involved in the repair of myelin.
Given that the stellar cells that express the Serpine1 accumulated on the edges of the growing pests, where the damage occurs, but also healing, their dual role in coordinating signals that can lead to tissue repair or more damage was an unexpected wrinkle that requires more study.
The first responses are likely to be part of a preventive mechanism that becomes soaked with the progress of the injury. It is also possible to become the same mechanism for pathogens.
“If one imagines a fortress under the siege, at first, the walls may hold the attack.” “But if these walls are breached, all the defenses can be turned inside against the fortress itself.”
These results may also have effects on brain injuries that exceed what appears in multiple sclerosis. While there are different types of focal brain injuries, including painful brain injury, stroke, infections and infection, there are limited number of methods that tissues can interact with infection.
In fact, many reactions that are seen here on inflammation, stress and tissue damage are likely to be common through the types of injuries, and the brain map that was created in this study can work as a supplier to allow comparisons in a more likely context.
The scientific teams build a new model of the various autoimmune state that affects the boundaries of the brain. They also look forward to expanding their data group to include elderly animals, which can help improve our understanding of various progressive nervous sclerosis, a disease that has a large and unacceptable treatment need.
Finance: This study was partially supported by the Al -Jamal Research Program at the National Health Institutes of Health, with additional support from the Dr. Miriam and Chaldon C. Adeleson for Medical Research and the National Association for Multiple Sclerosis.
About this multiple sclerosis and news of the brain maps drawing
author: Carl wonders
source: National Institutes of Health
communication: Wonders of Karl – National Institutes of Health
image: The image is attributed to news of neuroscience
The original search: Closed access.
“MRMOSet 4D brain map reveals MRI and molecular signatures of the beginning of multiple sclerosis lesionsWritten by Daniel S. Rish and others. sciences
a summary
MRMOSet 4D brain map reveals MRI and molecular signatures of the beginning of multiple sclerosis lesions
introduction
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease characterized by focal inflammation, myelin loss in the central nervous system, and the final nervous reproduction. The exact cause of multiple nervous sclerosis remains unclear, but the disease involves an inappropriate immune response and a subsequent failure to repair the myelin.
Although multiple sclerosis treatments were effective in controlling peripheral inflammation, understanding the cell dynamics of the development of the lesion during the early stages is very important to develop treatments that enhance re -preparation and reform in a timely manner.
The logical basis
The current understanding of multiple sclerosis diseases is largely derived from human tissue studies after death or rare brain biopsture, which captures the disease at one time point, often late. To treat this restriction, we used a clinical -related model, joint marmostite (Callithrix JacchusWith experimental self -immune encephalitis (EAE), to study the lesions that resemble MS.
This model closely mimics the development and development of the MS lesion, and provides convertible visions to clinical preparation. Although structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not expanded and effective to monitor the lesion changes, it lacks the privacy required to detect cellular and molecular diversity within the pests.
Therefore, we merged longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging, pathological anatomy, spatial copy marks, and single DNA to examine the signals participating in the development of the scourge and accuracy.
results
We identified five groups of the exact environment (ME) – associated with the nervous function, immune responses and companions, the destruction and repair of tissues, and regulatory networks on the boundaries of the brain – that appeared during the development of the lesion. Before removing visible miles, stereotypes and hidden mattresses indicate the areas surrounding the ventricle, which later became hot points.
We have identified a vital photography mark, a proton and weight signal ratio R.1 The time of relaxation, which was sensitive to the excessive imbalance stage that precedes the destruction of myelin. At the beginning of the lesion, we have noticed a global transformation in cellular communication, especially in the references listed outside the cell. Early responses included the multiplication and diversification of small glial cells and a few cells (OPC).
With the development of pests, the EAE associated bad -leh was replaced by mono -cell derivatives in the center of the lesion, with the ongoing lymphocytes seen in the old lesions. In conjunction with the removal of miles, prosthetic signal units appeared on the edge of the lesion early 10 days after the creation of the lesion.
We also noticed excessive representation of the genes participating in the apparent pattern of the SASP (SASP) release on the boundaries of the brain, the formation of strained barriers focused on the edge of the lesion, prompting the disorder analysis to the context of EAE changes and determining potential treatments to protect tissues and promote repair.
conclusion
We specified Serpine1+ The stars sub -type, which works as a axis of a relief in the areas surrounding the blood vessels and ventricles, which are behind the appearance of lesions in both Marmoset Eae and MS. Our work provides a spatial molecular map that has been resolved as a supplier to take advantage of multiple sclerosis research and direct the identification of candidates for therapeutic intervention.
2025-02-27 22:21:00
